Do we know what causes the movement of air? This phenomenon is the result of changes that take place in our atmosphere due to the heating of air and the formation of water vapor. During the day, as land gets heated faster than water, the air above the land gets heated faster, hot air has a lower density. Thus it goes up. The movement of air from low pressure to the high-pressure areas creates winds. We will also learn what causes air pollution and water pollution and their effect. The whole process in which water evaporates and falls on the land as a form of rain and flows back into the sea via rivers is known as the water cycle. We will unravel how the level of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen is maintained in the atmosphere.

In coastal areas, during the daytime, there is a regular flow of cool air from the sea towards the land. At night, there is a reverse flow of air from land to sea. This happens because, during the daytime, the land gets heated faster than water, and radiated heat from land heats the air above it.

We will go on a hot air balloon ride on this virtual tour and will understand how it works. Hot air rises because when you heat air, it expands. When the air expands, it becomes less dense than the air around it. The less-dense hot air then floats in the more dense cold air

Clouds are formed when water vapor rises high into the air. When it reaches the cold air, the vapor turns back into droplets of water! When clouds get so full of water droplets that they can’t hold any more, the waterfalls back to the ground as rain.

Emissions from different transport modes, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial production, forest fires, aerosol use, and radiation are some of the main causes of air pollution. Air pollution not only contributes to respiratory diseases in humans, but it can also affect plants and animals. 

Water gets polluted when harmful substances such as chemicals and waste materials like garbage get mixed in water. Water pollution reduces the level of oxygen in it. Water pollution affects aquatic life as their existence depends on water. 

The process of conversion of water into its gaseous state is known as evaporation whereas the process of conversion of vapors into water is referred to as condensation. The water cycle can be defined as the process through which water gets evaporated from open surfaces like oceans and seas, gets condensed as it rises in the cool atmosphere, and ultimately pours down like rain.

The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates in the atmosphere. The nitrogen cycle is a continuous series of natural processes by which nitrogen passes successively from air to soil to organisms and back to air or soil involving principally nitrogen fixation, nitrification, decay, and denitrification. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.

The carbon cycle is the process in which carbon travels from the atmosphere into organisms and the Earth and gets back into the atmosphere. Plants take carbon dioxide from the air and use it to make food. Animals then eat the food and carbon is stored in their bodies or released as CO2 through respiration.

The oxygen cycle refers to the maintenance of the amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere. The cyclic process by which oxygen element is circulated continuously through the living and nonliving components of the biosphere constitutes the oxygen cycle.

The upper layer of the atmosphere of the Earth is covered by a gas called Ozone. Ozone is a gas in the atmosphere that protects everything living on the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun. Without the layer of ozone in the atmosphere, it would be very difficult for anything to survive on the surface.