VR Tour For Std. 8 Ch. 4. Materials : Metals and Non-Metals
What's Included in Virtual tour of this chapter
Metal is a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are good conductors of heat. Physical properties of the metal are it is Hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile, sonorous. We will also learn about the chemical properties of metals and non-metals. Metals react with acids and produce metal salts and hydrogen gas. Generally, non-metals do not react with acids. At last, we will understand the displacement of metals.

Virtual tour 1: Physical Property of Metal: Good Conductors of Heat
Metal is a substance that is usually hard and shiny and electricity can pass through it easily. In this virtual tour, we will learn how metals are good conductors of heat. We will learn through an experiment how aluminum, as well as all the metals, is a good conductor of heat, as it easily conducts heat from one end to the other.

Virtual tour 2: Physical Property of Metal: Good Conductors of Electricity
Now we will learn how metals are a good conductor of electricity through an activity. We would require a metal wire, a piece of rubber, an iron nail, a piece of wood, and a piece of copper, graphite, and diamond. Metal wire, iron nails are good conductors of electricity whereas pieces of rubber and pieces of wood are not good conductors of electricity. Graphite makes an exception even though it is a non-metal it is a good conductor of electricity.

Virtual tour 3: Metal Physical Properties: Sonorous, Malleability, Ductile, Lustrous, Hard
Metals produce ringing sounds when they are struck. They are ductile, which means that they can be drawn into wires. They are also lustrous, which means that they reflect light from their surface and can be polished. At last, they are malleable, which means that they can be beaten into thin sheets.

Virtual tour 4: Chemical properties of metal part 1
In this virtual tour activity, we will learn about the chemical properties of metals. We will take a rusty iron pipe, knife, test tube filled with water, and litmus paper. In an open atmosphere, the metal undergoes corrosion. We will also undergo a litmus paper test which will show whether metals are acidic or basic in nature.

Virtual tour 5: Chemical properties of metal part 2
Now again we will perform another experiment to understand clearly the chemical properties of the metal. Now we will take the rusty copper pipe, knife, test tube filled with water, and litmus paper.

Virtual tour 6: Chemical properties of non-metal
Further, we will understand the chemical properties of non-metal. We will perform an experiment and will take a tumbler which is empty, yellow-colored sulfur powder in a dish, a litmus paper, burner, test tube filled with water, and a deflagrating spoon on the table. The litmus paper test will show that nonmetals are acidic in nature.

Virtual tour 7: Reaction of metals with water
We will understand in this virtual activity how metals react with water and produce hydrogen gas. Sodium is a more reactive metal, so it gives a very vigorous reaction. Heat is produced in large amounts in this process. Due to the reaction of metal with water, the temperature of the water increases.

Virtual tour 8: Reaction of metals with acid
In this virtual tour, we will explore how metals and nonmetals react with acids. We will have a test tube placed over the burner, some crushed iron pieces, and a vessel filled with a water deflagrating spoon and delivery tube. After completing the experiment we can conclude that when metal reacts with the acid, Metal salts and hydrogen gas are produced.

Virtual tour 9: Reaction of metals with base
Now, we will test the metals against bases. We have a test tube place over the burner, some crushed iron pieces and a vessel filled with water, and a deflagrating spoon and delivery tube. As the solution begins to heat up, the solution undergoes a chemical process. After some process with sodium hydroxide, it produces hydrogen gas.

Virtual tour 10: Reactivity Series of Metals
A displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. We will undergo an experiment to understand this concept. From the experiment, we will observe that zinc is more reactive than iron and copper, iron is more reactive than copper and less reactive than zinc, and copper is less reactive than zinc and iron.