Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon. The atoms in graphite are attached to each other with specific bonds. There are two main types of bonds. Ionic bond and the Covalent bond. Carbon has four valence electrons. But it can neither lose nor gain electrons to attain octet. We will also learn about the saturated and unsaturated compounds. Carbon has allotropes like(graphite, diamond, and fullerene) and oxygen has allotropes like(diatomic oxygen and triatomic oxygen ). We will learn about a Homologous series and nomenclature of chlorine group, hydroxyl group, aldehyde group, carboxyl group, and unsaturated compounds.

In this virtual tour, we will learn about the types of bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. The bonding which results due to the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms is called Ionic bonding. A covalent bond is a bond formed between atoms by the sharing of electrons.

Carbon is a unique element as it can form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. Carbon completes its octet by sharing its four valence electrons with other carbon atoms or with atoms of other elements like hydrogen.

In saturated compounds, the valency of all the carbon atoms is satisfied by single bonds between them. While in the unsaturated compounds, the valency of all the carbon atoms is not satisfied by single bonds, thus in order to satisfy their valency, they form a double or triple bond between the carbon atoms.

Allotropes are different forms of the same chemical element. All elements are made up uniquely of their own atoms. Any physical differences are because of how the atoms are joined together. There are three allotropes of carbon are diamond, graphite, and fullerene. Also, two allotropes of oxygen are dioxygen and ozone.

A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a homologous series. The names of compounds in a homologous series are based on the name of the basic carbon chain modified by a “prefix” or “suffix” indicating the nature of the functional group. In this virtual tour, we will understand the homologous and nomenclature chlorine group in carbon and calculate its atomic mass.

In this virtual tour, we are going to introduce the Homologous series and nomenclature of the hydroxyl group.  Each member of the series differs from the preceding or the succeeding one, by a common difference of C H 2 and by 14 am u molecular mass. 

In this virtual tour, we will learn about a Homologous series and the nomenclature of the aldehyde group. The name of the compound of this group contains the suffix ‘al’. For example, take the structure of methane. It has the chemical formula C H 4. As we know the structure of methane’s four hydrogen atoms is connected with one carbon atom. If we replace one hydrogen with aldehyde group C H O, it becomes  C H 3 C H O. It is named ethanal as it has two carbon atoms.

In this virtual tour, we will learn about a Homologous series and the nomenclature of the carboxylic acid group. The name of the compound of this group contains the suffix oic acid. Each member of the series differs from the preceding or the succeeding one, by a common difference of C H 2 and by 14 am u molecular mass. 

In this virtual tour, we will learn about the Homologous series and nomenclature of the unsaturated carbon compound. The number of carbon atoms in the compound and the homologous range and molecular mass is carbon-based.

In this virtual tour, we will learn about the various chemical properties of carbon compounds. There are four types of chemical properties of carbon compounds: addition reaction, substitution reaction, oxidation, and combustion.

In this virtual tour, we will understand the detergent achieved by forming cluster molecules in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and the ionic ends are on the surface of the cluster this formation is called a micelle.  The action of soaps and detergents is based on the presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the molecule and this helps to emulsify the oily dirt and hence its removal.