We store water through various means. Human activities have altered the availability of water in various regions. Common irrigation methods such as dams, canals, and tanks are used almost all over the world. Water harvesting is the process of collecting rainwater and surface runoff for filling either small bodies or recharging groundwater. Rainwater harvesting is one of the most effective methods of water management and water conservation.

Large Dams provide water for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes. It is also used for flood control, hydroelectric power, river navigation, and wildlife habitat. It also has some drawbacks such as sedimentation, sudden floods, soil erosion, etc.

Different methods of the watershed management system have been known since ancient times. One of the methods known as Khadins consists of a long earthen embankment built across the lower hill slopes. The area enclosed by the embankment is called ‘bund’ which collects a huge amount of rainwater that flows down the slopes. Subsequently, this water-saturated land is used for crop production. There are many advantages to water stored in the ground. It does not evaporate, but spreads out to recharge wells and provides moisture for vegetation over a wide area.

Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting rainwater and filling either small bodies or recharging groundwater. It involves the collection and storage of rainwater at the surface or in the subsurface aquifer before it flows away.

Fossil fuel is a general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth’s crust over hundreds of millions of years. The oil extracted is later refined to form petrol, diesel, aviation fuel, paraffin wax, lubrication oil, etc.