For the production of crops, several activities are performed by the farmer over a period of time. It is called the cultivation of crops. In this chapter’s virtual activity we will learn about both the traditional and modern methods of cultivating crops. Sowing is the most important part of the cultivation of crops. Further in the chapter, we will understand various kinds of irrigation techniques. The material which is added to the soil in the form of nutrients, so that crops grow better is called manure or fertilizers. Harvesting of crops is done after the crops are ready to cut.

Polymer means many monomers. A monomer is a single molecule that makes bonds with other identical molecules to form polymers through a Polymerization process. A monomer repeats itself many times to form extremely long chains which form the polymer. We will also understand the type of synthetic fibers and their uses. Plastic is easily moldable and is shaped in any form. Plastic can be recycled, reused, colored, melted, and rolled into sheets. Here, we will learn about the types of plastics.

National Parks are large forests that preserve the entire ecosystems within the area including the landscape, flora, fauna, and historic objects of the area. We will also visit a wildlife sanctuary and will learn how these animals prosper in a safe and controllable environment. We will also visit the forest and learn how forests provide us with fresh air to breathe, food, medicines. Deforestation is harmful to both environments as well as human beings. Thus, as responsible citizens, we should resort to reforestation techniques to protect our mother earth.

Cells are the fundamental units of life. A human body possesses more than 200 different types of cells. Each type of cell is specialized to perform a particular function. They can function alone as well as together by forming a tissue. The shape and structure of a cell depend upon the functionality of the cell. We will also study animal cells. The animal cell is made up of three main parts: cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm whereas the plant cell is made up of the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms-offspring-are produced from their ‘parents’. Sexual reproduction is the type of reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes to give rise to a new individual. We will learn about the male and female reproductive organs and how fertilization takes place in a woman’s body after an egg is formed. Further in the chapter, we will learn about the lifecycle of the frogs. At last, we will learn about asexual reproduction in Hydra and how reproduction takes place in single-celled organisms.

Do you know that everything around us, in the entire universe, is actually controlled by force? A force can change the state of an object from rest to motion or vice versa. A force can bring change in motion means to change the speed or change the direction of motion. Force can change the shape of an object. There are two types of forces- contact force and non-contact force. Lastly, we will go in-depth about Pressure and how various pressures are exerted by liquids, gases, and the atmosphere.

Friction always opposes the motion because it acts in the opposite direction to motion. Force of friction arises due to contact between two surfaces. If there is no contact between two surfaces there would be no friction. When two surfaces are interlocked, the friction will be great. The wear and tear of materials are caused by friction. Thus, there are advantages and disadvantages to this force. There are two types of Friction- Rolling and sliding Friction. At last, we will learn how friction is exerted in fluids and gases.

Vibration can be described as a back and forth motion of an object. Depending upon the vibrations, a sound is produced. The number of vibrations made by the vibrating body in one second is known as its frequency. Human beings produce sound by using the voice box inside their throat which is called the larynx. We will also explore that how sound can travel through a medium such as air, water, and solids but it can’t travel through a vacuum.  Therefore, when these waves reach our ears we hear the sound.

The objects which allow the electric current to pass through them, are good conductors while objects, which don’t, are poor conductors of electricity. Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another to prevent the corrosion of a metal. Electroplating is widely used in industries for coating metal objects with a thin layer of a different metal.

Atom is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. Every atom comprises subatomic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons. We will also explore what phenomena cause lightning in the atmosphere and also its effects on the human body. Another important phenomenon that we will study in this chapter is the Earthquake. By using a seismograph, we can measure the intensity of the earthquake.

Light is a form of energy that enables us to see all the things around us. The main source of light on the earth is the sun. The light reflection is the returning of light waves in the same medium on meeting a reflecting surface. We see things only when light coming from them enters our eyes. So we will learn about the structure of the eyes. We will also learn about the primary defects in vision and how they can be corrected by wearing a suitable glass. Further in the chapter, we will study the periscope is a long, tubular device through which a person can see objects that are out of the direct line of sight.

We always wonder that our Aunt who is living in the US right now is experiencing day whereas we experience a night at the same time. We will learn about the science behind happening day and night. Earth revolves around the sun, it is tilted to or away from the sun which causes seasonal changes on our planet. We will even go to the Moon in this chapter and understand the different phases of the moon.  The solar system came into being about 4.5 billion years ago. We will learn about 8 planets, stars, and galaxies. At last, we will learn about various comets and artificial satellites.