Sorting is the process of arranging items with similar properties by grouping them.  We are surrounded by various objects which have different shapes like spherical, cylindrical, cone, and cuboid. Further, in our virtual tour, we will identify the objects according to their surfaces and sort them into groups. Some objects have a Shiny surface while some objects have a dull surface. We will sort solid and liquid substances based on solubility. Some substances are soluble in water while some do not dissolve into water. Further in the chapter, we will understand why some objects float on water while some sink with an experiment. The final virtual tour will focus on identifying transparent, opaque, and translucent objects.

Usually, many times the substances we look at around us in our daily lives are not in their purest forms. They are a combination of two or more substances. These mixtures also come in different kinds of form. Sieving is basically separating mixtures of different sizes and shapes. The big and coarser substance is separated from the very small ones. Through sedimentation, decantation, and filtration even the lighter impurities like dust or sand get filtered. We will also learn about evaporation and condensation. The process in which liquid turns into vapor is called evaporation and the process of conversion of water vapor into its liquid form is called condensation.

We will learn about reversible and irreversible changes. When a certain substance changes by a certain process and if we can get back the original form of the substance, such a process is called a reversible change. Similarly, the changes that cannot be reversed are called irreversible changes. We will also learn how buds converting into flowers is an irreversible change, while expansion and contraction of the iron ring is a reversible change.

We are surrounded by greenery. Nature is vivid. There are a variety of plants and trees in nature. Some are short, some are huge, while some plants simply crawl over the walls and roofs. We will explore in this chapter different kinds of plants as well as basic information about different parts of plants. Each plant has different parts and each part of the plant has a definite task to do. The lowermost part of the plant is the root. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and hold the soil around to support the plant. Then we will study what role does stem and leaf play in a plant’s life cycle.

In our body, 206 bones are present in various shapes and sizes. There is a rib cage, pelvic bone, backbone, etc. We will study all of them. We will also learn about different types of joints in our body like the Pivot joint, Hinge joint, the Ball and Socket joint, and a Fixed joint in the human skeleton. Further in the chapter will also study the body movements of earthworms, snails, cockroaches, birds, fish, and snakes.

Organisms have the ability to adapt to their habitat in different ways. Plants and animals have different characteristics that allow them to live comfortably in their habitats.  Plants and Animals that live in the aquatic areas, develop many adaptive features that are necessary for their growth and survival. Plants in mountains have their smaller and needle-shaped leaves which help in preventing water loss whereas animals have thick skin and fur which protects them from cold and keeps them warm. We will understand how lions and deer adapt themselves to survive in grassland. In the final virtual tour, we will understand the characteristics of living and non-living creatures.

In nature, everything has a different temperament. There are some objects that allow us to see through them clearly or partially, while others simply don’t allow us to see through them at all. We will identify objects on the basis of transparent, translucent, and opaque. We will also do a fun activity and will learn how to make a pinhole camera and use it. A Pinhole camera is generally used in photography for artistic reasons.

Electric cells are the source of electricity. In our day-to-day lives, we use different types of electric equipment which requires a different type of electric cell. We will understand how the current flows and the bulb glow only when the electric circuit provides a complete path for current to flow between both terminals of the electric cell. We have so much fun switching on and off the torchlight but do you know the internal structure of the torch? We will learn that in our Virtual tours. Children will also learn in detail about conductors and insulators. Conductors are materials that allow the free flow of electricity whereas insulators are the materials that restrict the flow of electricity.

A magnet is an object which attracts magnetic materials. The material which gets attracted to a magnet is called magnetic material. For example iron, nickel, or cobalt. A magnet has two poles: the North Pole and the South Pole. Some materials get attracted to the magnet whereas some materials do not get attracted towards the magnet. The materials which are not attracted towards a magnet are called non-magnetic materials. We will also learn about the poles of a magnet and magnetic lines. There is always an attraction between opposite poles and repulsion between the same poles of magnet occurs. Magnets always settle in a north-south direction due to the magnetic property present in the earth. This property of magnet is used in the compass to find directions. Another interesting thing which we will learn about magnets will be that they can lose their magnetic property when they are heated.

Water is a colorless and odorless substance that is essential for the survival of living beings.  The water reaches from a canal or either from its other sources like river, lakes, and wells to the purification plant and then the residences and businesses. Wet clothes get dry because the water evaporates. Water turns into water vapor because of the heat which is present in the atmosphere. Water in the form of vapor goes into the air by evaporation and transpiration, forms clouds, and then comes back to the ground as rain. Heavy rain affects human life badly. Excess rainfall may also lead to floods. So how can you utilize the water which comes from excessive rainfall, it can be done through rainwater harvesting.

All living organisms need air for their survival. But have you ever seen air? Though we cannot see the air, we can feel its presence in different ways. Air is made up of many substances. Air is a mixture of many gases. Vehicles release smoke which causes air pollution and small particles of dust that are present everywhere in the air. The smoke, coming out from the vehicles, contains harmful gases. Oxygen which is the base for survival is present in the air, water, and soil. The Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, Argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and a few other gases. Some dust particles are also present in it. Green plants take carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis. This is how the balance of CO2 and O2 is maintained in the atmosphere.

Garbage is properly disposed of in a landfill. A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials. The garbage is sorted into two categories, one that can be reused and another that cannot be reused. There are a lot of eco-friendly ways through which organic waste can be put in beneficial ways. Red worms convert organic waste into fertilizer. The process of preparing fertilizer with the help of red worms is called vermicomposting. Another most important recyclable commodity is paper. Used newspapers, magazines, and notebooks can be recycled and we can reuse them.